What does the term 'per capita' refer to in legal terms?

The term 'per capita' is derived from Latin, meaning "by the head." In legal terms, it refers to a method of distributing an estate or benefits equally among all eligible individuals, ensuring that each person receives an equal share. This term is commonly used in the context of inheritance or the distribution of property, where each heir receives an equal portion of the estate, regardless of their relationship to the deceased or the number of heirs involved.

This approach stands in contrast to other distribution methods, such as 'per stirpes,' which distributes shares based on the family line or lineage. The concept of 'per capita' emphasizes equality among the recipients, making it a straightforward and fair method for handling distributions among multiple parties, assuming they are all considered eligible.

The other options do not relate directly to the concept of equal distribution. Joint ownership pertains to how property is held, a legal representative refers to someone acting on behalf of another, and a common law principle addresses broader legal doctrines rather than specific distribution methods. Thus, option A accurately encapsulates the meaning of 'per capita' in a legal context.