What is an affidavit?

An affidavit is a written statement that is confirmed by the oath or affirmation of the individual making it, typically in the presence of a notary public or another authorized official. This document serves as a vital piece of evidence in legal proceedings because it is sworn to be true. The legal significance of an affidavit lies in its ability to provide factual information to the court, allowing the affiant (the person who makes the affidavit) to assert facts or evidence relevant to a case. This written testimony can be used in civil and criminal cases to support claims, establish facts, or provide evidence without requiring the affiant's physical presence in court.

The other options refer to different legal concepts. A type of defense in criminal law does not accurately describe an affidavit, nor does a legal document outlining a contract, which pertains to contractual agreements, rather than sworn statements. A formal request to a court describes motions or petitions but not the function of an affidavit as a sworn declaration.