What is the term for the preliminary examination to determine the competency of a witness or juror?

The correct term for the preliminary examination used to determine the competency of a witness or juror is "voir dire." This process involves asking potential jurors or witnesses questions to assess their qualifications, biases, and suitability to serve in a particular case. The purpose of voir dire is to ensure that jurors are impartial and that witnesses can testify competently and credibly.

During this examination, attorneys have the opportunity to make inquiries that help reveal any potential conflicts of interest or prejudices that may affect the fairness of the trial. This foundational step is essential for upholding the integrity of the judicial process, as it contributes to the selection of a fair and unbiased jury.

The other options do not pertain to this context. A deposition is a formal statement taken under oath, often outside of court, to gather information from a witness prior to trial. Cross-examination is the questioning of a witness brought forth by the opposing party in court, intending to challenge the witness's testimony. An affidavit is a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, used as evidence in court but is not related to determining witness or juror competency.